Temu Lawak

To determine the efficacy of ginger, has done several ways of testing, both in vitro, against animal testing and clinical trials on humans. From the results of research that has been done, that most of the test against animal testing, while testing on humans is still relatively rare.Analgesic effectYamazaki (1987, 1988a) reported that methanol extract of ginger is administered orally in mice, revealed to suppress the pain caused by acetic acid administration. Furthermore, Yamazaki (1988b) and Ozaki (1990) proved that germakron active ingredient in ginger is a function suppress the pain.Anthelmintic effectInfusion of ginger, black meeting and a combination of both in urea molasses block to reduce the number of eggs per gram of feces in sheep infected by the worm Haemonchus contortus (Bendryman et al. 1996).Effect of antibacterial / antifungalEther extract of ginger is reported that in vitro can inhibit the growth of the fungus Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophytol violaceum (Oehadian et al. 1985). Essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza also inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans, while Curcuma xanthorrhiza curcuminoids have a weak inhibition (Oei 1986a).Antidiabetic effectsResearch Yasni et al. (1991) reported that ginger can improve the symptoms of diabetes in mice, such as: growth Retardation, hyperphagia, polydipsia, high glucose and triglycerides in serum, and reduce the formation of arachidonic linoleic acid in liver phospholipid. Especially ginger alter the amount and composition of fecal bile acids.Stock antihepatotoksikGiving steeping ginger rhizome of 400, 800 mg / kg for 6 days and 200, 400 and 800 mg / kg in mice for 14 days, can lower serum activities of GPT-hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol or paracetamol necrosis narrow the area significantly. Antihepatotoksik power depends on the size of dose and period of administration (Donatus and Suzana 1987).Anti-inflammatory effectsOei (1986b) reported that essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in vitro has a weak anti-inflammatory power. While Ozaki (1990) reported that anti-inflammatory effect was caused by the presence germakron. Furthermore, Claeson et al. (1993) managed to isolate three types of non-phenolic compounds diarylheptanoid of ginger rhizome extract, namely: trans-trans-1 0.7-diphenyl-1, 3,-heptadien-4-on (alnuston); trans1 0.7-diphenyl-1- hepten-5-ol, and trans, trans-1 0.7-diphenyl-1, 3,-heptadien-5-ol. All three compounds were stated to have significant anti-inflammatory effect on rats.Effect of antioxidantsJitoe et al. (1992) measure the antioxidant effects of nine types of rhizome-finding meeting with thiocyanate method and the method of Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) in water-alcohol system. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of ginger extract were higher than the activity of three types contained in the curcuminoids are estimated ginger. So, apparently there are other substances in addition to the three curcuminoids, which have antioxidant effects. Furthermore, Masuda et al. (1992) succeeded in isolating the new curcumin analogues from the rhizome of ginger, namely: 1 - (4-hydroxy-3 0.5-dimetoksifenil) -7 - (4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) - (1E. 6E.) -1.6 - heptadien-3 ,4-dione. This compound turned out to show the effects of antioxidants against auto-oxidation of linoleic acid in water-alcohol system.Antitumor effectItokawa et al. (1985) succeeded in isolating four sesquiterpenoid compound from the rhizome of ginger bisabolan, namely-kurkumen, ar-turmeron,-atlanton and xanthorrizol. Most of these substances is an antitumor compounds against sarcoma 180 ascites in mice. Antitumor effectiveness of these compounds include: (+++) for kurkumen, (+ +) for ar-turmeron, and (+ +) for xanthorrizol. Meanwhile, Yasni (1993b) reported that administration of ginger can activate T cells and B cells that function as a medium in the immune system in mice.Ahn et al. (1995) reported that ar-turmeron contained in ginger can be to lengthen the life of infected mice with S-180 cancer cells. Components showed a synergistic cytotoxic activity with sesquifelandren isolated from the same plant at 10-fold against L1210 cells. In addition, curcumin is strengthening the other cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide, MeCCNU, aurapten, adriamycin, and vincristine.Suppressant effect of the central nervousResearch Yamazaki et al. (1987, 1988) states that the rhizome extract temu lawak fact have the effect of extending the period of sleep caused by pento barbital. Furthermore proved that (R )-(-)- xantorizol is active substances causing these effects by inhibiting activity of cytochrome P 450. Xantorizol addition, it turns out germakron contained in ginger extract also has the effect to extend the period of sleep (Yamazaki 1988b). Giving germakron 200 mg / kg orally in mice expressed to suppress hyperactivity caused by metamfe-Tamin (3 mg / kg ip). Further stated that administration of 750 mg / kg germakron orally in mice showed no lethal toxicity (Yamazaki 1988b).Effect of diureticsResearch Wahjoedi (1985) states that the decoction of ginger at a dose equivalent to 1x and 10x the usual dose of people in white rats have a diuretic effect approximately half of the potential of HCT (hydrochlorothiazide), 1.6 mg / kg.Hypolipidemic effectThe use of ginger as a beverage in livestock female rabbits showed that there were no body fat on the carcass and fatty tissue around the reproductive organs (Soenaryo 1985). The research Yasni et al. (1993a) reported that lower concentrations of ginger triglise rida and serum phospholipids, liver cholesterol, and increase serum HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1, in rats fed cholesterol-free diet Koles. As in mice with high cholesterol diet, ginger did not hit the high serum cholesterol while lowering the liver cholesterol. In the study reported that curcuminoids derived from turmeric did not have a significant effect on serum fat and fatty liver, it was concluded that ginger contains the active substance other than curcuminoids that can alter fat metabolism and lipoproteins. Next Yasni et al. (1994) proved that kurkumen is one of the active substance which has the effect of lowering triglycerides in mice by suppressing the synthesis of fatty acids.Meanwhile, Suksamrarn et al. (1994) reported that two diarilheptanoid phenolic compounds isolated from ginger rhizome, namely: 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-hepten and 7 - (3, 4-dihidroksifenil) -5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-hepten, a real show hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting liver triglyceride secretion in mice.Ginger efficacy trials carried out by Santosa et al. (1995). against 33 persons of patients with chronic hepatitis. Over 12 weeks, each patient received 3 times daily one capsule containing curcumin and oils evaporate. The monitoring results indicate that the serological data (GOT, GPT, GGT, AP) of 68-77% of patients showed a decrease tendency to normal values ​​and serum total bilirubin than 48% of the patients also decreased. Complaints nausea / vomitus suffered by patients was reported missing. Symptoms of digestive tract felt lost by 43% of patients while the rest still feel insistence of these symptoms, including 70% of patients who experience loss of appetite.Stock hipotermikGinger infusion showed a decrease in body temperature of mice perco Baan (Pudji astuti 1988). Research Yamazaki et al. (1987, 1988a) showed that the methanol extract of ginger rhizome has a decreasing effect on rectal temperature of rats. Furthermore proved that germakron identified as the active ingredient in ginger rhizome hipotermik causing these effects (Yamazaki 1988b).Effects of insecticidesPandji et al. (1993) investigated the effects of insecticides are four types of rhizome of Zingiberaceae species are: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria, Kaempferia galanga and K. pandurata. Seventeen of the largest components including flavonoids, sesquiterpenoid, and cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated and identified using NMR and Mass spectra. All components tested for toxicity against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. The residue contact bioassay, it appears that xantorizol and sesquiterpenoid furanodienon is the most active compounds showed toxicity against larvae of the newborn, but the effects were not significant toxicity when given with food. Subsequently it was reported that extracts of Curcuma xanthorrhiza larvasida have the effect of mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti third instar (Wibowo et al. 1995).Other SecuritiesBased on interviews with 100 respondents indicated that women farmers can improve the use of ginger which control the hormonal system works particularly karbo hydrate metabolism and lactic acid, improve the physiology of organs, and improve fertility (Soenaryo 1985).Components contained in ginger otherwise have the nature koleretik (Oei 1986a, Siegers et al 1997). Wild Ginger is reported to have the effect of reducing expenditure in mice feces (Wahyoedi 1980). Ginger extract showed no toxic effect. To turn off Libistes reticulatus required xanthorrhiza Curcuma extract with a large dose (Rahayu et al. 1992).Infusion of ginger otherwise could increase uterine contractions white mice (Damayanti et al. 1995), can increase the tone guinea pig trachea smooth muscle contraction (Damayanti et al. 1996), can increase the frequency of heart contractions turtle (Damayanti et al. 1997), and can increase glucose absorption in rat small intestine (Halima et al. 1997)Several studies have been conducted to prove the efficacy of curcumin which is one of the active substance contained in ginger, but our discussion will be presented on other occasions.PatentAchievements Oei Ban Liang from Indonesia, together with PT Daria Varia Laboratoria need us proud. They have been successfully patented an anti-inflammatory materials containing combinations of active substances isolated from Curcuma sp. in Europe with No.: 440 885. Meanwhile, in Japan, Yamazaki et al. germakron has patented the active ingredient contained in ginger, as central nervous system suppressant in Japan with the number: 89139527. The stocks in the form of granules that contain germakron and mannitol with binder hidroksipropilselulose 10% in ethanol.In 1995, Imaisumi from Suntory Ltd.. Japan has patented kurkumen ie foods containing active substances derived from the rhizome of ginger with the patent number 07 20, 149, 628. Stated that these foods can increase fat metabolism, and in vivo can reduce liver and serum triglycerides in rats. As Tanaka et al. of the company Shiseido in Japan, recently ie in 1997, succeeded in patenting cosmetics for skin with number 09 20, 635. Cosmetics containing ginger extract was declared effective as forming melanin or tyrosinase inhibitors.CoverFrom the article above can be known that ginger has a wide range of properties, namely as: analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antiinflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, antitumor, depressant, diuretic, hipotermik, hypolipidemic, insecticides, and others. Efficacy of ginger has been proven through the techniques of modern science by scientists both within and outside the country. Hopefully with this kind of writing we are more encouraged scientists to develop traditional medicines.